Excessive nitrate levels in waste water discharges can lead to algae blooms in water courses or "green" water. Treatment with chemically aggressive Ferric Chloride (FeCl3), reduces residual nitrates but variying water inflows add control system complexity with pumps required to operate from near zero flow to maximum operation.
| Pumping | Ferric Chloride |
| Where | US waste water treatment plant |
| Replaced | Solenoid operated diaphragm dosing pump |
| Why | Wide operating range |
| Benefit | Dosing system operates from 1% to 100% Elimination of chemical attack maintenance Reduced compliance issues |
